预处理的铜绿假单胞菌对Cu2+的生物吸附研究

从电镀废水污泥中分离，纯化获一高抗铜菌株，经鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa)，采用不同浓度盐酸对铜绿假单胞菌进行预处理，同时考察了不同因素如溶液的pH，温度，摇床转速，接触反应时间对未处理菌和预处理的影响，结果表明，经0．1NHCl预处理的菌体具有最佳吸附效果，pH、摇床转速对菌体的吸附具有较显著影响，温度对菌体吸附影响不大。     

游离附生假单胞菌对铜绿微囊蓝细菌中32P释放的影响

采用同位素示踪法，分析游离附生假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp-)对富集^32P的铜绿微囊蓝细菌(Microcystis aeruginosa)中磷释放的影响．研究结果表明：在微囊蓝细菌生长的延迟期和对数期．游离附生假单胞菌的加入抑制了微囊蓝细菌中^32P的释放，而对蓝细菌的生长没有明显的影响；在微囊蓝细菌生长的稳定期和衰减期，假单胞菌促进其蓝细菌细胞内^32P的释放，同时也加速微囊蓝细菌的衰亡．假单胞菌对微囊蓝细菌^32P释放的促进作用是由于自身的吸磷能力导致的．假单胞菌的吸磷量由假单胞菌生物量和细胞内磷浓度决定，假单胞菌在微囊蓝细菌的整个生长阶段生物量不断增加，而体内^32P浓度在开始阶段很低．直到微囊蓝细菌进入稳定期才达到相对稳定。     

外源性稀土La和Ce对几种淡水微藻生长影响的研究

通过模拟培养实验,研究了不同质量浓度的稀土元素La3+和Ce3+对2种产地的微囊藻以及月牙藻增殖的影响.结果表明低质量浓度的La3+和Ce3+对2种微囊藻的刺激作用明显大于对月牙藻的刺激作用,说明稀土元素La3+和Ce3+在湖泊中的富集可能改变湖泊种群结构,有利于微囊藻在湖泊中形成优势种;高质量浓度的La3+和Ce3+对3种藻均有抑制生长的作用,当La3+和Ce3+的质量浓度为50.0 mg/L时,微囊藻的生长繁殖完全被抑制.     

稻秆对铜绿微囊藻抑制作用的研究

研究了稻秆浸出液对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制作用.研究表明,稻秆浸出液中含有的化学物质抑制了铜绿微囊藻的生长繁殖.稻秆浸泡时间的延长,有利于提高浸出液的抑藻效果,但浸泡时间过长则无益于抑藻效果提高,浸泡时间为15 d时,抑制率能高达75.99%.稻秆浸出液投加量达7.5%以上具有显著的抑藻效果.不同部位的水稻秸秆浸出液对铜绿...     

水体pH值时空变化条件下絮凝除藻剂的pH值优化

研究了由光照、水深等造成的水体pH值变化对絮凝剂除藻效果的影响,并监测絮凝前后不同深度的水体pH值。结果表明:1)当水体pH值无垂向分层,但随光照在8.5~10.5变化时,表层水体终点pH值为5.8~7.9,除藻效率均高于80%,此时中下层水体pH值为5.4~8.0;2)当水体pH值有垂向分层,表层水体终点pH值为7.0~7.3时,除藻效率均高于80%,此时中下层水体pH值为7.0~7.1;3)水池实验中,当表层水体终点pH为6.8时,除藻率高达99.33%,此时中下层水体pH值为7.0~7.1,池水清澈见底。上述结果说明:不论水体pH值是否垂向分层,控制表层水体终点pH值为6.8~7.3时既能有效除藻,也不会使底层水体pH值过低;水体pH值有垂向分层时,絮凝剂的pH值应高于无垂向分层时的情况。     

On the effect of Fe(III) on proliferation of Microcystis aeruginosa at high nitrate and low chlorophyll condition

The impact of Fe concentrations on the growth of Microcystisaeruginosa in aquatic systems under high nitrate and low chlorophyll conditions was studied. The responses of cell density, total and cell chlorophyll-a intracellular Fe content and organic elemental composition of M. aeruginosa to different concentration gradients of Fe(III) in the solutions were analysed. The results showed that the proliferation speeds of M. aeruginosa were: (1) decelerated when the Fe(III) concentration was lower than 50 μg/L in the solutions, (2) promoted and positively related to the increase of Fe(III) concentration from 100 to 500 μg/L in the solutions over the experimental period, and (3) promoted in the early stage but decelerated in later stages by excess adsorption of Fe by cells when the Fe(III) concentration was higher than 500 μg/L in the solutions. The maximum cell density, total and cell chlorophyll-a were all observed at 500 μg Fe(III)/L concentration. The organic elemental composition of M. aeruginosa was also affected by the concentration of Fe(III) in the solutions, and the molecular formula of M. aeruginosa should be expressed as C_7–7.5H₁₄O_0.8–1.3N_3.5–5 according to the functions for different Fe(III) concentrations. Cell carbon and oxygen content appeared to increase slightly, while cell nitrogen content appeared to decrease as Fe(III) concentrations increased from 100 to 500 μg/L in the solutions. This was attributed to the competition of photosynthesis and nitrogen adsorption under varying cell Fe content.     

固定化果胶酶抑制铜绿微囊藻生长研究

为证实固定化果胶酶抑制蓝藻生长的作用,在实验室条件下,以铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）为受试藻种,用共培养法观察了固定化果胶酶对藻细胞群体的作用、用电镜观察了共培养后藻细胞的损伤状况,测定了对其生理生化特征的影响.结果表明固定化果胶酶与藻共培养液第3 d明显黄化,且黄化程度与固定化果胶酶的用量和培养时间呈正相关系;电镜照片显示固定化果胶酶对藻细胞有损伤作用,轻微损伤的藻细胞出现质壁分离,表面粗糙、凸凹不平,形状不规则,严重损伤的藻细胞表面发生深度皱缩或细胞结构完全解体;随着固定化果胶酶与铜绿微囊藻共培养时间的延长,藻细胞生长量、叶绿素a含量显著降低,表明藻细胞受到胁迫和伤害,藻细胞正常的光合作用受到严重影响.丙二醛（MDA）值显示藻细胞抗氧化防御体系被破坏,细胞内发生严重膜脂过氧化.固定化果胶酶能有效抑制铜绿微囊藻细胞的生长,铜绿微囊藻生长抑制率可高达96%.     

Characterization of typical taste and odor compounds formed by Microcystis aeruginosa

Production and characteristics of typical taste and odor (T&O) compounds by Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated. A few terpenoid chemicals, including 2-MIB, β-cyclocitral, and β-ionone, and a few sulfur compounds, such as dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl trisulfide, were detected. β-Cyclocitral and β-carotene concentrations were observed to be relevant to the growth phases of Microcystis. During the stable growth phase, 41-865 fg/cell of β-cyclocitral were found in the laboratory culture. β-Cyclocitral concentrations correlated closely with β-carotene concentrations, with the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.96, as it is formed from the cleavage reaction of β-carotene. For dead cell cases, a high concentration of dimethyl trisulfide was detected at 3.48-6.37 fg/cell. Four T&O compounds, including β-cyclocitral, β-ionone, heptanal and dimethyl trisulfide, were tested and found to be able to inhibit and damage Microcystis cells to varying degrees. Among these chemicals, β-cyclocitral has the strongest ability to quickly rupture cells.     

Formation of THMs and HANs during bromination of Microcystis aeruginosa

Bromine-contained disinfectants and biocides are widely used in swimming pools, recreational waters and cooling towers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the formation of thrihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) and their cytotoxicity in algae solutions during free bromine disinfection. Disinfection by-products formation potential experiments were conducted using model solutions containing 7 mg/L (as total organic carbon) Microcystis aeruginosa cells. Effects of free bromine dosage, pH and ammonia were investigated. The results showed that brominated disinfection by-products were the major products when free bromine was applied. The total THMs formed during bromination was much as that formed during chlorination, whereas HANs were elevated by using bromination instead of chlorination. Dibromoacetonitrice (C2H2NBr2 ) and bromoform (CHBr3 ) were the only detected species during free bromine disinfection. The production of C2H2NBr2 and CHBr 3 increased with disinfectant dosage but decreased with dosing ammonia. CHBr3 increased with the pH changing from 5 to 9. However, C2H2NBr2 achieved the highest production at neutral pH, which was due to a joint effect of variation in hydrolysis rate and free bromine reactivity. The hydrolysis of C2H2NBr2 was base-catalytic and nearly unaffected by disinfectant. Finally, estimation of cytotoxicity of the disinfected algae solutions showed that HANs formation was responsible for the majority of toxicity. Considering its highest toxicity among the measured disinfection by-products, the elevated C2H2NBr2 should be considered when using bromine-related algaecide.     

芦苇化感物质EMA对铜绿微囊藻生长及藻毒素产生和释放的影响

研究了芦苇化感物质2-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯（ethyl-2-methylacetoacetate,EMA）对铜绿微囊藻PCC7806的生长抑制特性以及对微囊藻毒素MC-LR产生和释放的影响.结果表明,EMA在培养1周内对铜绿微囊藻PCC7806具有较强的抑制作用,EC_50,7d值为2.0 mg·L^-1,但EMA的抑制效果随时间的延长而减弱.整个培养期间,EMA对MC-LR的胞外释放无显著影响.培养7　d后,单位藻细胞内MC-LR的含量随EMA浓度的增加而升高,EMA投加浓度为1.5　mg·L^-1时,单位藻细胞MC-LR的含量为25 ng·(10⁶个)^-1,比对照组增加了39%.但单位体积培养液中MC-LR总量（胞内和胞外的总和）随EMA浓度增加先略微升高后显著降低,EMA投加浓度为3 mg·L^-1时,培养液中MC-LR胞内胞外总量为28 μg·L^-1,约为对照组的一半;16　d后,EMA对单个细胞内MC-LR的含量以及MC-LR总量均无显著影响.